Edema/Inflammation: Mechanisms for Injury (Part 2)

Traumatic brain injuries can create operational chemical imbalances. One of the consequences can be hyperphosphorylation--the addition of excessive phosphate groups. This can cause tau proteins to detach from neuron microtubules, resulting in collapse and nutrient transport disruption. Released tau can then form tangles that build up in a "rolling snowball effect" that foster neurodegenerative diseases over time. Image from "Influence of crucial risk factor to developing Alzheimer disease."

When a traumatic brain injury (whether singular or repetitive) results in the long-term release of various chemical response mechanisms and inflammation, research indicates that this may actually cause additional harm. Excessive hormones and neurotransmitters can create imbalanced operations and a toxic environment that may lead to cell/tissue dysfunction and/or death. Circulation is often impaired, as well, which can slow down the body's ability to remove waste and other harmful substances.